Will Santa Give Us Interest Rate Hikes for 2022?

December 23, 2021

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By Przemyslaw Radomski, CFA. Originally published at ValueWalk.

If the Fed normalizes its balance sheet and markets freak-out, it will be a bridge too far. But interest rate hikes won’t crash a strong US economy.

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Potential Interest Rate Hikes

With Fed officials increasingly hawked up, the narrative shifted from a tapering of asset purchases to potential interest rate hikes. And now, with whispers of the Fed plotting to normalize its balance sheet, questions have arisen over the potential impact on the PMs.

To explain, I wrote on Dec. 20:

After admitting that inflation “is alarmingly high, persistent, and has broadened to affect more categories of goods and services,” Waller implored the Fed to sell some of its bond holdings.

For context, tapering means that bonds are purchased at a slower pace or not at all. However, even zero purchases result in the Fed’s nearly $8.76 trillion in bond holdings remaining constant. Conversely, if the Fed reduces its balance sheet by selling bonds to private investors, it’s akin to a taper on steroids. Waller said:

“If we start doing some balance sheet runoff by summer, that’ll take some pressure off, you don’t have to raise rates quite as much. My view is we should start doing that by summer.”

Source: Bloomberg

Quantitative Tightening

However, is this a plausible path for the Fed over the medium term? In a word: no. While the prospect is profoundly bullish for the USD Index and profoundly bearish for the PMs, Chairman Jerome Powell will likely avoid quantitative tightening.

For one, if the Fed tries to reduce its balance sheet from 35% to 20% of GDP, the financial markets will freak out. Currently, the Fed has such a large stockpile of bonds that private investors can’t absorb that kind of supply. Thus, another taper tantrum will likely unfold if the Fed tries to ‘normalize’ its balance sheet through the open market.

Second, the Fed’s only hawkish goal is to calm inflation. To explain, when inflation was running hot and most Americans bought into the “transitory” narrative, Fed officials exuded confidence. However, when consumer confidence sunk to a 10-year low and inflation became political, the Fed changed its tune. As a result, Powell wants to reduce inflation while tightening as little as possible (3% to 4% inflation may be considered acceptable in 2022). Thus, normalizing the balance sheet is likely a bridge too far.

However, please remember that if quantitative tightening is a ten on the hawkish scale, hitting a seven or an eight is still profoundly bearish for the PMs. To explain, I highlighted on Dec. 20 how San Francisco Fed President Mary Daly had a come-to-Jesus moment. I wrote:

Daly – a major dove that urged patience in November – admitted on Dec. 17 that “I have adjusted my stance.”

And conducting another interview with The New York Times on Dec. 21, Daly said:

“My community members are telling me they’re worried about inflation. What influenced me quite a lot was recognizing that the very communities we’re trying to serve when we talk about people sidelined” from the labor market “are the very communities that are paying the largest toll of rising food prices, transportation prices and housing prices….

“I’m comfortable with saying that I expect us to need to raise rates next year. But exactly how many will it be – two or three – and when will that be – March, June, or in the fall? For me it’s just too early to know, and I don’t see the advantage of a declaration.”

However, with her slip of “two or three” rate hikes offering a window into her thought process, it’s clear that more hawkish policy will materialize over the medium term.

Please see below:

Source: The New York Times

To that point, many short and medium-term gold bulls support the narrative that “the Fed is trapped.” For context, we’re bullish on the PMs over the long term. However, we expect sharp medium-term corrections before their uptrends resume.

Moreover, the narrative implies that the Fed can’t tighten monetary policy without crashing the U.S. economy. Thus, Fed officials are “trapped,” and the PMs should soar as inflation runs wild. However, this hyper-inflationist theory is much more semblance than substance.

To explain, adopters assumed that the Fed couldn’t taper its asset purchases without crashing the U.S. economy. However, the Fed tapered, then accelerated the taper, and the U.S. economy remained resilient. Now, the new narrative is that the Fed can’t raise interest rates without crashing the U.S. economy. However, it’s simply misleading.

As evidence, anxiety has increased with U.S. monetary and fiscal spending stuck in reverse/neutral. For example, the Fed is tightening monetary policy and Americans are no longer receiving stimulus checks and enhanced unemployment benefits. Moreover, U.S. President Joe Biden’s $1.75 trillion stimulus package was torpedoed by Senator Joe Manchin. As a result, who knows if it will pass in 2022?

However, while “the Fed is trapped” crew cites these issues as reasons for an economic calamity, they often miss the forest through the trees. For example, while the fiscal spending spree may end, U.S. households are still flush with cash.

Please see below:

To explain, the green line above tracks U.S. households’ checkable deposits (data released on Dec. 9). In a nutshell: it’s the amount of money that U.S. households have in their checking accounts and/or demand deposit accounts.

If you analyze the vertical ascent on the right side of the chart, you can see that U.S. households have nearly $3.54 trillion in their checking accounts. For context, this is 253% more than Q4 2019 (pre-COVID-19).

Likewise, even though U.S. stimulus has disproportionately flowed to the top, the bottom 50% of American households (based on wealth percentiles) still have plenty of money to spend.

Please see below:

To explain, the green line above tracks the checkable deposits held by the bottom 50% of U.S. households (again, data released on Dec. 9). And with these individuals sitting on nearly $243 billion in cash, it’s 142% more than Q4 2019.

Finally, it’s important to remember that more than 75% of Canada’s exports are sent to the United States. And with the former’s exports to the latter hitting an all-time high in October (data released on Dec. 7), it’s another indicator that U.S. consumer demand remains resilient.

Source: Statistics Canada

The Bottom Line

While some investors expect a dovish 180 from the Fed, they shouldn’t hold their breath. With U.S. economic growth still resilient and the U.S. consumer in much better shape than some portray, the Fed can raise interest rates without crashing the U.S. economy. As a result, Powell will likely stick to his hawkish script and forge ahead with rate hikes in 2022.

Conversely, the only wild card is the Omicron variant. If the latest strain severely disrupts economic activity, the Fed could slow its roll. However, this is extremely unlikely. For one, the strain’s spread has been violent, but so far, the data shows it’s much milder than Delta. Second, the Fed needs to solve its inflation problem. And with the FOMC’s dot plot and officials’ rhetoric nodding in agreement, they likely realize that a continuation of 6%+ inflation will do more harm to the U.S. economy than raising interest rates.

Also, please note that when the Fed called inflation “transitory,” I wrote for months that officials were misreading the data. As a result, I don’t have a horse in this race. However, now they likely have it right. Thus, if investors assume that the Fed won’t tighten, their bets will likely go bust in 2022.

In conclusion, the PMs rallied on Dec. 22, as an FDA approval of Pfizer’s coronavirus treatment pill helped uplift sentiment. However, the next several months will likely test their mettle. With the Fed hawked up and little stopping interest rate hikes in 2022, the pace of the current liquidity drain should surpass the precedent set in 2013/2014. As a result, more downside likely confronts the PMs over the medium term.

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Przemyslaw Radomski, CFA

Founder, Editor-in-chief

Sunshine Profits: Effective Investment through Diligence & Care

All essays, research and information found above represent analyses and opinions of Przemyslaw Radomski, CFA and Sunshine Profits’ associates only. As such, it may prove wrong and be subject to change without notice. Opinions and analyses are based on data available to authors of respective essays at the time of writing. Although the information provided above is based on careful research and sources that are deemed to be accurate, Przemyslaw Radomski, CFA and his associates do not guarantee the accuracy or thoroughness of the data or information reported. The opinions published above are neither an offer nor a recommendation to purchase or sell any securities. Mr. Radomski is not a Registered Securities Advisor. By reading Przemyslaw Radomski’s, CFA reports you fully agree that he will not be held responsible or liable for any decisions you make regarding any information provided in these reports. Investing, trading and speculation in any financial markets may involve high risk of loss. Przemyslaw Radomski, CFA, Sunshine Profits’ employees and affiliates as well as members of their families may have a short or long position in any securities, including those mentioned in any of the reports or essays, and may make additional purchases and/or sales of those securities without notice.